Terrorist Attacks in Indonesia : Does Terrorism Work?

Authors

  • I Gusti Putu Bagus Pradana University of Leeds
  • Rere Cika Ihza Pamesti Korean National Police University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35879/jik.v18i2.460

Keywords:

Indonesia, Terrorism, Tactical, Organizational, Strategic, Effectiveness

Abstract

This article aims to conduct an analytical examination of the terrorist attacks in Indonesia to assess the success of terrorism. The analysis uses a framework to evaluate the success and inherent advantages from a tactical, organizational, and strategic perspective. Notable cases analyzed include the Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005; the Australia Embassy Bombing in 2004; the Jakarta Marriot and Ritz-Carlton Bombings in 2009; and the Jakarta assaults in 2016. These instances were selected based on their substantial influence on Indonesian culture and their portrayal of various terrorist strategies and goals. The implication indicates that although certain tactical objectives may be accomplished, there are typically restrictions on achieving strategic and organizational aims. This study explains tactical successes implied by immediate casualties and economic disruption. The study gives some recommendations to enhance intelligence efforts in counterterrorism, cooperation and collaboration with international efforts, and improving the deradicalization program. This insight can be used by policymakers and law enforcers who work with counter-terrorism efforts to make the efforts in Indonesia more effective.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abrahms, M. (2006). Why terrorism does not work. International Security, 31(2), 42-78.

Abrahms, M. (2018). Terrorism works in theory but not in practice. In Muro, D. (Ed.) When Does Terrorism Work? (pp. 16-32). Routledge.

Abuza, Z. (2023). Jemaah Islamiyah: A continuing threat. Journal of Counter-Terrorism Studies.

Bergen, P. L. (2024, August 2). September 11 attacks. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/September-11-attacks

Blomberg, S.B., Gaibulloev, K., & Sandler, T. (2011). Terrorist group survival: Ideology, tactics, and base of operations. Public Choice, 149(3-4), 441-463.

Chari, R. (2004). The 2004 Spanish election: Terrorism as a catalyst for change? West European Politics, 27(5), 954-963.

Counter Extremism Project. (2023). Indonesia: Extremism and Terrorism. https://counterextremism.com

Council of Councils. (2014). Indonesia’s struggle against terrorism. https://cfr.org

Crenshaw, M. (2000). The psychology of terrorism: An agenda for the 21st century. Political Psychology, 21(2), 405-420.

Crisis Group. (2002, October 24). Impact of the Bali bombings. International Crisis Group.

https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/indonesia/impact-bali-bombings

Cronin, A.K. (2011). How terrorism ends: Understanding the decline and demise of terrorist campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Djumantara, S., Basir, & Zulfa, E.A. (2023). Strategi Polres Poso dalam pencegahan gerakan radikal dan terorisme. Journal of Indonesian Criminology, 15(2), 117-128. https://jurnalptik.id/index.php/JIK/article/view/336/113

Freedman, L.D., Pape, R., & Bloom, M. (2005). Dying to win: The strategic logic of suicide terrorism. Foreign Affairs, 84(5), 172.

Frontera, J. (2015). State responses to terrorism. HLS PILAC. https://pilac.law.harvard.edu

Fortna, V.P. (2015). Do terrorists win? Rebels’ use of terrorism and civil war outcomes. International Organization, 69(3), 519-556.

Gould, E.D., & Klor, E.F. (2010). Does terrorism work? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125(4), 1459-1510.

Hoffman, B. (2017). Inside terrorism (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Houmanfar, R., & Ward, T. (2012). An interdisciplinary account of martyrdom as a religious practice. Revista Latinoamericana De Psicologia, 44(1), 65-75.

Hwang, J. C. (2023). Jemaah Islamiyah and the ambiguities of disengagement from violence. Oxford Academic. https://academic.oup.com

Javier Jordán, R.W. (2004, March 11). The Madrid attacks: Results of investigations two years later. Jamestown.org. https://jamestown.org/program/the-madrid-attacks-results-of-investigations-two-years-later/

Jones, S. (2005). Indonesia: The Bali bombings. International Crisis Group. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/indonesia/indonesia-bali-bombings

Jones, S. (2016). The January 2016 Jakarta attack and ISIS’ threat to Indonesia. International Crisis Group. https://crisisgroup.org

Krause, P. (2018). When terrorism works. In When Does Terrorism Work? Routledge, 33-51.

Krause, P. (2018). The causes of terrorism: Strategies and outcomes.

Mawdsley, N., Piza-Lopez, E., & Kaiser, K. (2004). Bali beyond the tragedy: Impact and challenges for tourism-led development in Indonesia.

Moffat, S. (2007). Globalisation, terrorism, and cosmopolitan Australia. Security Challenges, 3(1), 1-8.

Moghadam, A. (2009). Motives for martyrdom: Al-Qaida, Salafi jihad, and the spread of suicide attacks. International Security, 33(3), 46-78.

Nasir, M., & Putra, F. (2023). New terrorism? A study on ISIS (Daesh), Al-Qaeda, and MIT’s religious terrorism movement in the post-9/11. Journal of Counter-Terrorism Studies, 17(2).

Pape, R.A. (2003). The strategic logic of suicide terrorism. The American Political Science Review, 97(3), 343-361.

Powell, C. (2004). Did terrorism sway Spain’s election? Current History, 103(676), 376-382.

Rabasa, A., Benard, C., Chalk, P., Fair, C., Karasik, T., Lal, R., Lesser, I.O., & Thaler, D. (1999). The Muslim world after 9/11. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.

Rose, W., Murphy, R., & Abrahms, M. (2007). Does terrorism ever work? The 2004 Madrid train bombings. International Security, 32(1), 185-192.

Smith, P. (2010). Terrorism and economic stability: The Jakarta bombings.

Smith, P. (2017). Social media and terrorism: How ISIS uses Twitter and Facebook.

The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Response to Terrorism (n.d.). Background report: 9/11 ten years later. https://www.start.umd.edu/sites/default/files/files/announcements/BackgroundReport_10YearsSince9_11.pdf

U.S. Department of State. (2010). Country reports on terrorism 2010. https://state.gov

Downloads

Published

2024-08-14